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Medical Manual
Part 3: Clinical aviation medicine
Respiratory system

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Licensing and certification

Pilots

Flight training

Flight Instructor Guide

Instructional theory introduction Learning theory Human behaviour Effective communication The teaching process Teaching methods Evaluation Instructional aids Role modelling References for instructional theory Briefings introduction Taxiing Effects of controls Straight and level Climbing and descending Medium, climbing and descending turns Slow flight Basic stalling Circuit introduction Circuit considerations Engine failure after take-off Flapless landings Crosswind circuit Glide approach Vacating and joining at aerodromes Radio failure Forced landing without power – pattern Forced landing without power – considerations Steep turns Advanced stalling Maximum rate turns Wing-drop stalling Short field take-off and landing Low flying introduction Low flying consolidation Precautionary landing Terrain and weather awareness Basic mountain flying Compass use Instrument flying introduction Limited panel Unusual attitudes Night flying 1 Dead-reckoning navigation 2 Landing away 3 Weather avoidance and diversion 4 Inadvertent IMC and lost procedure Supervision of solo cross-country Appendix I Ground course Appendix 2 Sign-out checklist Flight Instructor Guide downloads

Pilot syllabus assistance Flight test standards guides Type ratings Approved instructional techniques courses Approved examiner theory course Fixed-wing flight training safety strategy

Standard overhead join

Helicopter flight instructor manual

Pilot licensing

Licence application PPL privileges by DL9 medical certificate Using privileges of a New Zealand pilot licence on a validation from a foreign NAA Recognising foreign pilot licences Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act (TTMRA) NVIS rating

Pilot logbook

Medical certification

Apply for a medical certificate Medical Manual

Part 1: Introduction Part 2: The medical certification system

Legislation Application for a medical certificate Examination by the Medical Examiner Use of General Directions Assessment by Medical Examiner Applicant meets the medical standards Applicant does not meet the medical standards Accredited Medical Conclusion Extension of medical certificate Issue of medical certificate Communication Review of assessment by CAA Change in medical condition Review of Director’s decision by the Convener Replacement certificate Medical Examiner absence

Part 3: Clinical aviation medicine

Cardiovascular system

General considerations 12-lead ECG interpretation Hypertension Cardiovascular risk assessment Coronary heart disease Mitral valve disease Aortic valve disease Tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease Valve replacement or repair Atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter Atrial and ventricular premature beats Sinus node arrest and sinoatrial block Ventricular pre-excitation Atrio-ventricular block Left Bundle Branch Block Right Bundle Branch Block Left anterior and left posterior hemi-block QT prolongation Brugada syndrome Implantable devices - Pacemaker Cardiomyopathy Pericarditis Aortic aneurysm Peripheral vascular disease Venous thrombo-embolism and anticoagulation Congenital heart disease Marfan’s syndrome Use of Warfarin Use of novel anticoagulants

Respiratory system

Asthma Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Traumatic Pneumothorax Spontaneous Pneumothorax Non-Spontaneous Pneumothorax Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Sarcoidosis Tuberculosis

Metabolism, nutritional and endocrine system

Pituitary gland disorders Thyroid Gland Disorders Adrenal Gland Disorder – Addison Disease Diabetes type II Diabetes type I

Mental health

Alcohol and other drugs

Central nervous system

Traumatic brain injuries Migraines and headaches Loss of consciousness (non-traumatic) Seizure disorders Meningitis / encephalitis Transient global amnesia Parkinson’s disease Cerebrovascular diseases / accidents Demyelinating disease Neurocognitive impairment

Ophthalmology

Introduction Colour vision Anisometropia Myopia Severe myopia Astigmatism Hypermetropia Presbyopia Visual aids Refractive surgery - Radial keratotomy Refractive surgery - Laser surgery - all forms Implantable collamer lenses Substandard vision in one eye Functional and true monocularity Keratoconus Cataract Eye muscle balance (phoria) Strabismus (tropia) Duane syndrome Open angle glaucoma Narrow angle of the anterior chamber & narrow angle glaucoma Secondary glaucoma Retinal detachment Uveitis Demyelinating disease & optic neuritis Macular disease Diabetes Other conditions

Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

Introduction Hearing impairment External ear disease Tympanic membrane and middle ear disease Inner ear disease and vestibulo-cochlear nerve Nasal and sinus disease Allergic rhinitis Sinusitis Nasal polyps Malignancies Impaired speech Recurrent tonsillitis, tonsillectomy Sleep apnoea

Part 4: General Directions Part 5: Annexes

General Directions

Timetable for routine examinations Temporary medical conditions Colour vision deficiency Examination procedures

Medical information sheets Accredited medical conclusion Accredited optometrists list Colour vision assessment

OCVA assessors

Medical examiners

CME

NZ medical examiners Overseas medical examiners Review a medical decision Forms for medical certification

Operators

Activity statistics Adventure aviation

List of Part 115 certificated organisations How to apply for an adventure aviation operator certificate

Agricultural operations

Agricultural operations safety checklist How to apply for, renew, or amend an agricultural aircraft operator certificate

Issue Renew Amend

List of Part 137 agricultural aircraft operators

Air cargo

How to become a certificated regulated air cargo agent RACA security check application List of Part 109 regulated air cargo agents

Air operations

Airlines (Part 121 and 125)

Cabin safety for airlines

Foreign air operators

Guidance for foreign operators

Air operations with helicopters and small aeroplanes How to apply for, renew, or amend an air operator certificate

List of certificated organisations

Engineering

Inspection Authorisation (IA) certificate Maintenance engineer licensing

Part 66 AME licence syllabuses Recognising foreign AME licences Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act (TTMRA)

Type ratings

Emerging Technologies Programme

Latest news Emerging Aviation Technologies Forum Reduced and Zero Emissions Project The Advanced Aviation Reform (AAR) project Contact us

Aviation security

Security rules

Air traffic services

ATS syllabus assistance List of Part 172 air traffic service organisations

Sport and recreation

List of Part 149 Certificated Organisations Amateur-built aircraft Vector magazine and Part 149 pilot/parachutist certificate holders

Fit and proper person process How to be a senior person Drug and alcohol management Address for service Airshows

Respiratory system

Last updated: April 2025

ICAO Annex 1:	6.3.2, 6.4.2, 6.5.2
Civil Aviation Act:	Sch 2, cls 2, 3, 5 and 6
CAR Part 67:	67.103 b, & e, 67.105 b, & e, 67.107 b, & e
GD:	Timing of Routine Examinations [PDF 511 KB]
GD:	Examination Procedures [PDF 491 KB]
ICAO medical Manual:	Chapter 2

In this section:

Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Traumatic Pneumothorax

Spontaneous (Primary) Pneumothorax

Non-Spontaneous (Secondary) Pneumothorax

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Sarcoidosis

Tuberculosis